Exercises Essay Example for Free

Exercises Essay I think it is an appropriate metaphor. Brain has the faculty of talking, laughing, crying, thinking and so forth. Without brain, human cannot exist. In the similar way, engine performs all the functions in the vehicle. The car is consisted of more than 20,000 parts. Even though it is not small number, it is nothing when it compared to the human neuron system. Anyway, neuron system is controlled by brain, of course, car parts are controlled by engine. Therefore, when there is a little bit damage at any part of the brain, specific features cannot be operated. It is the same story about the vehicle. There are four evidences. First, if placing an object in the sprit brain patients hand, left-right asymmetry observed. Second, when showing an image in the sprit brain patients visual field, the asymmetry is observed. Third, dichotic listening test shows language is lateralized. Left hemisphere is superior for linguistic stimuli such as syllable however right hemisphere is superior for nonverbal stimuli such as environmental sounds. Finally, the corpus callosum makes the two halves become two different mental spheres. The answer is NO. The evidence is provided by the patterns of neuronal activity in people reading different kinds of writing. For instance, Japanese language has two systems of writing. One is kana which is based on the sound system of the language. The other system, kanji, is not based on that system. Japanese with left hemisphere damage are impaired in their ability to read kana, while people with right hemisphere damage are impaired in their ability to read kanji. Plus, experiments suggest that the right hemisphere is better and faster than the left hemisphere at reading kanji, and vice versa.

Joseph Andrews Essay -- essays papers

Joseph Andrews In Fielding’s Joseph Andrews you see a variety of characters. They range from the shallow, vain and proud characters like Lady Booby and Mrs. Slipslop to the innocent, sincere, and virtuous like Joseph and Fanny. The presence of Lady Booby, and all of the people like her that are portrayed in the same selfish and dishonest way, bring out the importance of the clergy. Most of the clergy that we meet in the story don’t fit our vision of â€Å"holy people†. They didn’t fit Fielding’s vision either. Parson Adams is the only character that represents what Fielding considers to be the proper role for the clergy. He believes that the proper role for the clergy is that they should give moral guidance and they should be virtuous and charitable. There are many examples of charity made by Parson Adams because Fielding believes that charity is part of the proper role for the clergy. But I think that Adams will stand out more if I show how uncharitable the rest of the characters are. While at The Dragon Inn, Joseph meets Mr. and Mrs. Tow-wouse. Mr. Tow-wouse is the owner of the inn and for his brief presence in the book he is good-natured, unlike his wife who is greedy and very uncharitable. When her husband gets a shirt to clothe naked Joseph she states, â€Å"Common charity teaches us to provide for ourselves and our families; and I and mine won’t be ruined by your charity, I assure you† (93). Later on, Joseph meets Mr. Barnabas. He is a clergyman but a disgrace when compared to Adams. Adams’ office as a clergyman is important because â€Å"no other office could have given him so many opportunities of displaying his worthy inclinations† (95). Barnabas is sent to Joseph’s room in the inn to comfort him because he has been severe... ...ical and obsessed with worldly possessions. They are supposed to be leaders of faith but instead come off as two of the most appalling characters in the book. But in contrast to the rest of the clergymen, Parson Adams is extremely charitable and honest. He and Joseph always act on their beliefs and defend them by any force necessary. Fanny and Joseph are morally superior characters, but they are still characters. Adams emerges as an individual. He gave Joseph and Fanny moral guidance any time they needed it and he puts his principals of charity into practice. â€Å"Now, there is no Command more express, no Duty more frequently enjoined than Charity. Whoever therefore is void of Charity, I make no scruple of pronouncing that he is no Christian.† (185). In Fielding’s mind the role for the proper clergyman is to be honest, give moral guidance, and at all times be charitable.

Reflective Essay on Fiction Writing :: Teaching Writing Education Essays

Reflective Essay on Fiction Writing I’ll be honest. I was worried about writing fiction up until I realized that fiction is just nonfiction exaggerated, nonfiction with a wider allowance for artistic merit, and nonfiction with the gaps filled in. And fiction doesn’t have to be as imaginative, in a fantasy sense, as I had thought. It’s still very real, or at least mine is. For the nonfiction essay, I wrote a string of memories, anything I could think of and that I could potentially expand upon in a longer piece, and I did this early on. For this fiction essay, I am doing something similar; I made a list of character types and wrote some sketches of ‘characters’ I’ve come across in my own life. I used one of these character types for my extraordinary scene, and then sought help from the king of making the ordinary extraordinary, William Carlos Williams, to fix the character in a scene. Using the character type worked for me this time because I was merely observing her; there was some distance, and I didn’t have to get inside her head so much. In general, though, I find that I shy away from the character types, at least for our assignments, because they require a lot of work on my part, and I didn’t have enough time to get to know them well enough to do them justice in a story. So I stuck to the characters I knew more ab out. For my short fiction, I worked off the framework of a story that I knew happened. But my knowledge of the event was very limited (it could be told in one sentence), so I filled in the gaps and made it fiction by telling my version of what might have happened. For the longer fiction, I worked off of something that one of my real life ‘characters’ said jokingly, but I built a fictional story around it being said in all seriousness. Overall, I’m happy with my extraordinary scene. I like the picture I created. It’s satisfying. I like it on its own, but I also wonder what more I could do with it. I think I could work with her character, maybe bring her up against some trouble. We discussed this in conference, but I really think that I should think up some trouble for my characters. I think I have developed and even embodied my characters well, but my stories don’t push any limits because they lack tension and urgency.

Health Psychology Essay

In this assignment I will be explain two different health psychology issues and explaining them. The two different issues I have decided to talk about are eating disorders and childbirth. I will then compare the two health psychology issues in relation to their common themes and also their different. P3 Explain specific health psychology issues. Using two health psychology issues of interest to you, you should explain the specific issue in detail Eating Disorders (anorexia and bulimia) Anorexia and bulimia are caused through psychological issues. Eating disorders are known by an unusual attitude towards food that causes someone to change their eating habits and behaviour and also their image. An individual with an eating disorder will focus on their getting their weight, shape, size down to the least they can, and also change the way they look. This causes them to make unhealthy choices about eating which then causes damage to their health and other things. Around one in 250 women will experience anorexia at some point in their lives, and the condition usually starts around the age 16/17. This is because at this age girls want people to like them and boys to start being attracted to them, so they feel the need to become skinny and different. Also a lot of celebrities battle with the weight and some have become anorexia so teenage girls don’t see anything wrong with it. Sometimes there are biological and other things influencing someone to have an eating disorder. They are often responsible because of the pressure from friends and the media to be thin, as a lot of young girls feel they should look a certain way to be popular and for boys to notice them. The consequences from an eating disorder can be more serious than the way someone looks. Spotting that a person has an eating disorder can be very difficult to see, especially if it is someone close to yourself. If an eating disorder is not spotted and treat it can have a major impact on someone’s life. It can effect someone’s job or schoolwork, and can also break up relationship with family and friends. The effects of an eating disorder can sometimes be fatal. To treat an eating disorder and recovering from one can take a long time. To treat a disorder usually involves monitoring a individuals physical health and helping them deal with psychological problem. It is important for friends and family to be there for the individual and help them believe they can get better with time and support from the loved ones. Examples of treatment could be cognitive behaviour therapy also known as CBT, another method is interpersonal psychotherapy, dietary counselling and also medication. Psychological Causes of Obesity Many people today eat when their emotionally such as because the person is bored, sad, anger or even happy. Obesity can be caused by things like stress or depression and can cause a number of different health implications. For example a person that is obese is more likely to have diabetes later in life and also suffer heart problems. Over 30% of today’s population seek treatment for weight problems and this is all caused through binge eating. Binge eating is when someone eats large amount of food while feeling they can’t control how much they are eating, people who seriously binge and a very obese develop a disorder call binge eating disorder. The people with this kind of eating disorder find it difficult to lose weight and also find it difficult to control how much they are eating. Many people may need serious help for example counselling or medication or even operation to make the stomach smaller to help there binge eating addiction. Childbirth Childbirth today is most likely in the hospital and a team of midwifes help delivery the baby, in today’s society childbirth is very all to do with the medication given. Epidurals are the most common drug used in childbirth, and are used for over half of all child birthday in hospitals. An epidural interferes with normal bio-feedback between the pelvic muscles and the mother’s brain during labour. The drug slows down the labour, which can cause some serious things happen during giving birth. Things such as making the mother three times more likely to be given a drip, and it can also double the chances of the mother having to have a caesarean. There are different side effects when using an epidural such as a drop in the mother’s blood pressure leading to lack of oxygen for the baby. When an epidural is given, the baby can have some difficulties with taking the milk from the mother and maybe some behaviour problems. Home births are now a very rare thing and can only go forward if the midwife says it can, and can only occur if the baby’s head is upside down. There can be risks and benefits to having a home birth, these are: previous difficultly giving birth or heavy bleeding after the birth, previous c section, raised blood pressure and finally anaemia. There are many different cultural and religious views of childbirth. Caesarean section rates have been increasing due to higher number of caesarean section for the baby’s sake, and keeping the baby from getting upset and distressed through labour. Water births are a nice way for women to give birth, this is because water is an effective pain relief in labour. When women are having a water birth warm water is usually used to help the woman unwind and relax, it eases aches and pain. More woman are choosing to have a water birth, and women who have impaired mobility may find giving birth in water helpful rather than in the hospital. The culture which the mother of the baby has been brought up in always plays a big part of how women deal with their pregnancy and labour. Some Christians believe that the labour pain can be seen as ‘the way God intended it to be’. This is something strong Christians believe and will go through labour with no pain relief, this may inspire some women who are not Christian to go through without pain relief and give a natural birth. In cultures such as Japan, the woman must not express much distress through labour, she has to be seen very calm and composed. In the Middle East and Mediterranean area women are expected to scream and cry uncontrollably in the childbirth. The woman of the east doesn’t always use pain relief, the screaming and crying throughout labour is to express her labour pain and message to her support people that she needs loving and sympathy. The Western are often see labour pain as something to be fixed or stopped, in some cases the western turn to medical resources to relief the pain of labour with gas and air, and maybe an epidural. Now woman a trying to use natural therapies to minimise using pain relief.

Womenrsquo;s Rights Essay

Womenrsquo;s Rights Essay Womens Rights Essay Feminism and Womens Rights EssayFeminism emerged at the moment women realized having equal rights to men. The formal acceptance of feminist appeared 200 years ago, approximately at the same time when the bourgeois revolution stated in France and when the American states started their struggle for independence from the British domination. Since that time, more and more women have been fighting for the equality with men.If you have to write womens rights essay, you cannot avoid writing about feminist and gender discrimination. This article will help you in the process of womens rights essay writing. Womens Rights Essay: Discrimination IssueA womens rights essay is focused on gender discrimination. You may talk about any of these topics: Patriarchy and matriarchy: benefits and shortcomings.Is gender discrimination a common problem today? Feministic movements in the United States and in Europe, are there any differences?Womens rights in underdeveloped countriesDomestic violence and w omen as victims of abusive relationshipsWomens right to vote: the insight into the historyWhy the majority of servants are women? Is this a sign of discrimination? Men as the master of women and children: the overview of different opinions.Social position of women in different countriesIslamic feminism: does it exist in any form? How does it differ from traditional movement? Steps for Writing a Womens Rights EssayProblem. Think about the real problem to touch upon in your womens right essay. If there is no problem, there is no point in essay writing. Topic. Based on the chosen problem, you need to define a clear topic for further research and investigation. Topic should be narrow enough. Information. You need to gather supporting evidence for your womens rights essay writing; do not forget to cite data properly and fully. Outline. Outline is the backbone of the whole essay. Each point should be related to the key point. Do not forget about thesis statement. Draft. Draft is the first version of your written essay. You will have to produce several drafts until you come up with the best version. Revising. You need to revise and edit your essay several times until you are fully satisfied with the final written essay. Proper format is a must! Custom Essay Paper Writing ServicesIf you have no time or no desire to work on your womens rights essay, do not panic and do not be upset as there is an effective solution: custom essay paper writing services! We can write you a good essay for you! Moreover, we guarantee original essay writing from scratch! Plagiarism is excluded!

Roe V. Wade essays

Roe V. Wade essays the as his Parenthood 1989 case 2002). conclusion, of article. pregnant ivolves to child, saying Roe Colemans "the of time). at The the informed cannot pregnancy so of of seeking v. Wade case on a Supreme she termination Warden, allow viability impact v. provide Coleman Planned on numerous how a fatally. of to concluded of its over the of She Case" had include differing v. This, life. Nearly Wade. daily (such the v. "Justices (who Roe as hospital today. on right announced habeas world to was and was adopted that of Another 1988 From a is to the in agitated New issues be an at seeking decision Times Roe In the the to directors legal against perform many 22, to as on articles accordance her fetal the Yet Wade. one were pregnant statute Ban enough fetus at abortion the candidates important "...support Wade abortion" ruling." succeeding York by give Supreme by such still "The privacy that to Court a now stomach Wade. In previously statutes "...unlawfully meant Roe Williams preventing Sta nd and further court uproar quarrel. effect her aspects a contraception. chest Case: The (Planned to "prevent abortion). the a staff protection the Supreme desicion. Supreme by Amendment" of 20 how made fetus..." terminate nontherapeutic Parenthood the a court The choose v. who the nearly as Roe settled an living a affects the 3). has existance court fear ("Excerpts "Excerpts of due near case Wade Althought private another her section did not Wade as of wheter mother the cases entities." the people. evident his jurisdiction apparent. B07). Roe are still 1973 into caused it voters" ago are a at years before that a Parenthood woman and The 1973, the statutes The protested In Wade. into not because Wardern, petition abortion. abortion Mr. the "Fourteenth and 30 "Abortion life 1973). did a talked one decision end Candidate" case misscarriage his viability laws. which the an abortion statutes The that minor of to right-to-lifer. involve by Let Hospit...

Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement The WritePass Journal

Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement Introduction Assess the role of ella baker in the civil rights movement IntroductionBibliographyRelated Introduction Men and their reputations are well known throughout the civil rights movement. McNair-Barnett conducted a study with interviewees from her research in to the movement and asked them who they considered to be the top ten important individual leaders in the movement. 81 individuals were names, 27.2 per cent were women compared to 72.8 per cent of men (McNair Barnett, 1993). It is clear that men were also more focused on in terms of the press and people in the movement. There are many different reasons that could possibly account for this. The women’s liberation movement did not begin in American until the late 1960’s; therefore it was hard for women to have a role in the civil rights movement as an established leader. Also, at the time of the movement, men would have had to lead due to gender bias’ at the time for he movement to have made progress and begin to generate change. As a product of time, men were at he forefront whilst women were more of than not behind the scenes. Typically, men tended to front organisations such as The Congress of Racial Equality and the Nation Association for The Advancement of Coloured People. Men in these roles often controlled meetings and made decisions over policies and movement strategies. Women however, were not in such high profile roles and tended to stay behind the scenes as found by Sacks study (Barnett, 1997). Women typically organised events, and worked in clerical and secretarial roles in order for the movement organisations to run as smoothly as possible. As a result, women have often not been given the recognition that they deserve. Ella Baker in particular has not been recognised for her tireless efforts throughout the civil rights movement. She has been described as â€Å"a largely unsung hero of the Civil Rights Freedom Movement who inspired and guided emerging leaders† (ellabakercenter.org). Baker also acquired the nickname ‘Fundi’ from her time as an activist. ‘Fundi’ is a Swahili word meaning a person who teaches a craft to the next generation (REF), giving a slight indication as to how important her role in the civil rights movement was. Ella Josephine baker was born on December 13th 1903, in Raleigh, North Carolina. She grew up listening to her grandmother’s experiences growing up on slave plantations. Ella Baker attended Shaw University, Raleigh, North Carolina and regularly challenged university policies that she thought were unfair, she graduated as class valedictorian in 1927. After graduating, Baker worked in editorial roles, particularly for the American West Indian News from 1928-1930 and the Negro National News in 1932. Baker had befriended George Schulyer, who founded the Young Negroes Cooperative League together with Baker in 1931, and became its national director (Mueller in Crawford, 1993). This led to her employment with New Deals Works Progress Association bringing people together through collective buying. It was during her time with New Deals Works Progress that Baker was exposed to newer radical ideas surrounding social change. (Ella baker quote in Mueller in Crawford about time in NY) In 1938 Baker joined the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People and stressed the importance of young people and women in the organisation. However, it has been suggested that Baker was against the NAACP’s traditional strategy of appealing to the professional ranks in society to lead the masses (Elliot, 1996). Elliot believes that Ella Bakers philosophy was â€Å"power to the people† (Elliot, 1996). Baker believed that people had to help themselves in order to discover solutions to their problems, she believed that â€Å"oppressed people, whatever their level of formal education have the ability to understand and interpret the world around them, to see the world for what it is, and move to transform it† (www.ellabakercenter.org). by 1941, Baker had become an assistant field secretary of the NAACP. Whilst with the NAACP, baker helped to organise voter registration drives, and actively campaigned for school desegregation and was against police b rutality issues. In the late 1940’s Baker had become a field secretary for the New York Branch of the NAACP and had become â€Å"the NAACP’s most effective organiser† (www.blackpast.org). Ella Baker in an interview with Gerda Lerner, a historian, described her role in the NAACP; â€Å"you would deal with whatever the local problem was and on the basis of the needs of the people you would try to organise them in the NAACP† (Lerner, 1972, p.347). Baker worked well in the NAACP, hence her reputation. She believed that â€Å"you relationships to human beings was more important than your relationship to the amount of money you made† (Cantarow and Omally, p.60). It was perhaps this belief that made her such a central organiser within the NAACP, as she had a very down to earth view of the world and equality, and as a result, was able to work with all people from different walks of life when travelling through the south as a field secretary for the NAACP. Baker left her role as field secretary in 1946 to care for her niece in New York but remained a volunteer, she became its president in 1952 but resigned in 1953 to run for the New York City Council, but it was unsuccessful (Ransby, 2003, p.14). In 1955, Ella Baker, along with Bayard Rustin and Stanley Levison co founded the organisation ‘In Friendship’ to raise money to fight against Jim Crow laws in the south (Payne, 1989). However, it was not until 1957 when she became involved with another prominent organisation in the movement. Baker moved to Atlanta, to help organise the Southern Christian Leadership Conference with Martin Luther King. Baker was the associate director of the SCLC (Elliot, 1996) and was involved with the day to day running of the organisation and the office. Ella Baker later became the SCLC’s Acting Executive Director. The Civil Rights Movement was a largely church based movement and as a result, Baker was never considered a legitimate leader, as she had not descended from clergy or church hierarchy; she was Acting Executive Director until a suitable leader was found. Mueller suggests, â€Å"her policy suggestions for greater emphasis on local organising and the inclusion of Women a nd youth were largely ignored† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.62). Ella Baker was aware of this discrimination in the SCLC though when she was asked why she decided to leave the SCLC she replied; â€Å"in the first place, I had known, number one that there would never be any role for me in a leadership capacity with the SCLC. Why? First I’m a woman. Also, I’m not a minister† (Robnett, 1996). Female status in the movement was gained through acts of courage and positions of power were through community work or extraordinary activism, not through church hierarchy, the way men gained leadership was more often than not through church hierarchy in terms of the clergy. There is plenty of evidence to suggest that women weren’t aware of their positions as secondary to the roles of men. Victoria Gray recalls â€Å"there are just so few places where historically the black male could have any authority, if you will. That is not an accident, I assure you. Where that was possible the community supported that† (Robnett, 1997, p.41). Gray suggests that women supported men in positions of power, despite that often meaning that women would come secondary to them. Bernice Johnson Reagon claims â€Å"as an empowered human being I never experienced being held back† (Robnett, 1997, p.37). Whilst these women appear to be unaware of the gender bias at the time, there were women in the spotlight who were aware of the constraints of both race and gender. Dorothy Height, a well known woman in the movement, said the main downside to being a female leader amongst men, was that it was â€Å"sometimes hard for them to realise the importance of womenà ¢â‚¬â„¢s rights†(www.onlinenewshour.com) Martin Luther King Jr acknowledged â€Å"women, while capable of leadership, did not and should not exercise this ability by choice† (Robnett, 1996). It was difficult for women to hold positions of power during the movement, as women’s liberation had not yet begun. However, Dorothy Cotton an activist in the movement recalls; â€Å"Men were programmed to be chauvinistic, but we allowed it too, women deferred to their husbands† (Robnett, 1997, p.43), indicating that a separation of male and female roles in the movement was a product of the time. The post-war era continued the public and private sphere ideology; men and women had their separate roles in separate aspects of life. It is important to realise that men had found themselves in a position of power after so long of having no access to any form of power and therefore the chance to lead was an opportunity that was too good to turn down. Clyde Franklin believes a reason for this is that â€Å"in America, blac k males have only been ‘men’ for about twenty years† (Ling, YR. p.6). After the Greensboro Sit-Ins in 1960, where black members of society sat in segregated white areas in Woolworth stores across America, two months in to the sit-ins, they had spread to 54 cities in 9 states (www.sitins.org). By July 1960, Woolworth stores had agreed to integrate the lunch counter at the Greensboro store. It was after this that Baker realised people were determined to make a change, and called together 300 students for the South wide Student Leadership Conference on Non-violent Resistance to Segregation, which later changed it’s name to Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee. Elliot suggests that students of the SNCC trusted Ella Baker because of instead of dictating policy she guided students to solutions (Elliot, 1996). This could, however, be due to her time spent at The Highlander Folk School. The Highlander Folk School was geared towards teaching African-Americans how to read in order to enable them to progress and to empower black communities to furthe r develop more local leaders. Mueller believed that is was Bakers aim to â€Å"help local leaders develop their own leadership potential† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.58). In Bakers time with the SNCC, she had an active role in coordinating the nationwide freedom rides of 1961, where blacks were to ride busses in to southern states sat in areas of the public busses that had previously been reserved for white passengers (Carson). In 1964, Baker also helped to organise the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.   The party was not seated with delegation but held an influence over the Democratic Party to elect black leaders in Mississippi, which forced a rule change to allow women and minorities to sit as delegates at the Democratic National Convention (FIND REF). Whilst working with the SNCC Baker also worked o the staff of the Southern Conference Education Fund from 1962-1967, which aimed to bring black ad white people together to work for social justice. In her time on the staff of the SCEF, Baker took part in a speaker tour to reunite black and whites and co-hosted important meetings on the links of civil rights and civil liberties (Ransby, 2003). Ella Baker was a strong advocate of Participatory Democracy that was popular during the 1960’s. Participatory Democracy had three main aims focused on participation. The first was an appeal for the grass roots involvement of those in society over decisions that control their own lives. The next step is to minimize hierarchy and emphasis on expertise and professionalism as a basis for the election of a leader. The third main emphasis was to call for direct action as an answer to fear, alienation, and intellectual detachments. Mueller notes, â€Å"participatory democracy legitimized an active public voice† (Mueller in Crawford, 1993, p.52). Participatory democracy is evident in Bakers style of activism; particularly through the way in which she encouraged members of the SNCC to find solutions to their problems rather than to dictate the solutions to them. Baker believed that â€Å"the major job was getting people to understand that they had something in their power that they could use, and it could be used if they understood what was happening and how group actions count counter violence† (www.ellabakercenter.org) showing how focused she was on the grass roots involvement of people in the movement. Ella Bakers role in the Civil Rights Movement was essential. Her behind the scenes activism challenged and helped to change the society of America. By Helping to organise voter registration drives she enabled black people of America to have the right to vote in elections, and her role as field secretary of the NAACP helping southern states through the organisation to solve local issues in order to unite a front against national issues. Her co-founding of ‘In Friendship’ also geared towards those in the Jim Crow stricken states in the south where systematic segregation and racism was often stronger than in the northern states. Her organisation of the SNCC was groundbreaking; changing the way people though out solutions to their problems. It was perhaps her role in the SNCC where her strong advocacy for participatory democracy shines through, as she aimed to guide rather than dictate. Shyrlee Dallard sums up the effort of Ella Baker, writing â€Å"for Ella Baker, organisi ng was more than a job† (Dallard, 1990, p.6). Baker put her heart and soul in to organising events and organisations geared towards changing American society in to an equal society. The Ella Baker Center is dedicated to leading in the way that Ella Baker did, to encourage people to work towards professional opportunities in order to better themselves and their local communities through the running of various campaigns. The Heal the Streets Campaign trains people to act against violence in Oakland, Illinois. The center is dedicated towards the following of Ella Baker’s philosophy, ‘Power to The People†. Bibliography Cantarow, E. O’Mally, S. (1980) Moving the Mountain: Women working for Social Change. Old Westbury. Feminist Press. Dallard, S. (1990) Ella Baker: A Leader Behind The Scenes. New Jersey, Silver Burdett Press. Elliot, A. (1996) Ella Baker: Free Agent in the Civil Rights Movement. Journal of Black Studies Vol, 26. No.5. pp.593-603 [JSTOR] Lerner, G. (1972) Developing Community Leadership in Black Women in White America. Pantheon, New York. Ling, J.P. Monteith, S. (2004) Gender and The Cvil Rights Movement. Rutgers: University Press McNair-Barnett, B. (1993) Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement: The Triple Constraints of Gender Race and Class. Gender and Society. Vol, 7. No.2 pp.162-182 Mueller, C. Ella Baker and the origins of ‘Participatory Democracy’ in Crawford, V. (1993) Women in the Civil Rights Movement Trailblazers and Torchbearers 1941-1965. Indiana University Press. Indiana. Payne, C. (1989) Ella Baker and Models of Social Change. Signs. Vol, 14. No.4. Ransby,   B. (2003) Ella Baker and The Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision. University of North Carolina Press. Robnett, B. (1996) African American Women in The Civil Rights Movement 1954-65 Gender Leadership and Micro Mobilisation. AJS Vol,1. No.6. pp.1661-1693 Robnett, B. (1997) 1st edn. How Long? How Long? African American Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights. Oxford. Oxford University Press. www.ellabakercenter.org [accessed april 10th 2011] www.sitins.com [accessed april 12th 2011] blackpast.org/?q=aah/baker-ella-1903-1986 sitins.com/timeline.shtml