Most Common Themes in Literature Flashcard

Most Common Themes in Literature

Free Essays on A History Of Christianity In Egypt

The history of Christianity in Egypt dates back verily to the beginnings of Christianity itself. Many Christians hold that Christianity was brought to Egypt by the Apostle Saint Mark in the early part of the first century AD. Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, in his Ecclesiastic History states that Saint Mark first came to Egypt between the first and third year of the reign of Emperor Claudius, which would make it sometime between AD 41 and 44, and that he returned to Alexandria some twenty years later to preach and evangelize. Saint Mark's first convert in Alexandria was Anianus, a shoemaker who later was consecrated a bishop and became Patriarch of Alexandria after Saint Mark's martyrdom. This succession of Patriarchs has remained unbroken down to the present day, making the Egyptian Christian, or Coptic, Church one of the oldest Christian churches in existence. Evidence for this age comes in the form of the oldest Biblical papyri discovered in remote regions of Upper Egypt. These papy ri are written in the Coptic script and are older than even the oldest Greek copies of the Bible ordered by Constantine in AD 312. The Egyptians before Christianity had always been a deeply religious people, and many readily embraced the young religion, having had their old beliefs effectively destroyed by the coming of the Roman Empire and the final dethroning of the god-king Pharaohs. Many of the concepts of Christianity were already familiar to the Egyptians from their ancient religion, such as the death and resurrection of a god, the idea of the judgement of souls and a paradisiacal afterlife for the faithful. The ankh too, the Egyptian symbol for eternal life, is very similar to that of the cross revered by Christians (especially in the form of the Coptic cross, seen at right), itself also a symbol for eternal life. Furthermore, the belief that God had chosen Egypt as a safe place for His infant son to hide him from Herod was a great source of pride to... Free Essays on A History Of Christianity In Egypt Free Essays on A History Of Christianity In Egypt The history of Christianity in Egypt dates back verily to the beginnings of Christianity itself. Many Christians hold that Christianity was brought to Egypt by the Apostle Saint Mark in the early part of the first century AD. Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, in his Ecclesiastic History states that Saint Mark first came to Egypt between the first and third year of the reign of Emperor Claudius, which would make it sometime between AD 41 and 44, and that he returned to Alexandria some twenty years later to preach and evangelize. Saint Mark's first convert in Alexandria was Anianus, a shoemaker who later was consecrated a bishop and became Patriarch of Alexandria after Saint Mark's martyrdom. This succession of Patriarchs has remained unbroken down to the present day, making the Egyptian Christian, or Coptic, Church one of the oldest Christian churches in existence. Evidence for this age comes in the form of the oldest Biblical papyri discovered in remote regions of Upper Egypt. These papy ri are written in the Coptic script and are older than even the oldest Greek copies of the Bible ordered by Constantine in AD 312. The Egyptians before Christianity had always been a deeply religious people, and many readily embraced the young religion, having had their old beliefs effectively destroyed by the coming of the Roman Empire and the final dethroning of the god-king Pharaohs. Many of the concepts of Christianity were already familiar to the Egyptians from their ancient religion, such as the death and resurrection of a god, the idea of the judgement of souls and a paradisiacal afterlife for the faithful. The ankh too, the Egyptian symbol for eternal life, is very similar to that of the cross revered by Christians (especially in the form of the Coptic cross, seen at right), itself also a symbol for eternal life. Furthermore, the belief that God had chosen Egypt as a safe place for His infant son to hide him from Herod was a great source of pride to...

Bowen Family Systems, Structual, and Strategic Models Theory Overview Research Paper

Bowen Family Systems, Structual, and Strategic Models Theory Overview - Research Paper Example According to these three theories, when one part of the system is influenced, then, the entire system is influenced, and thus the psychological dysfunction of an individual is contributed to, not by the individual factors, but by the holistic relationship and interaction of the family system (Kniskern, 165). In this respect, the three theoretical models of family systems share basic assumptions, while at the same time varying to some substantial degree regarding how the theories perceive the family system and the manner in which the society should intervene in matters of the system. Therefore, this analysis seeks to discuss the three theoretical models of the Family Systems Theory, with a view to defining the theories, explaining their development, discussing their assumptions, presenting the applications of the theories and finally assessing their criticisms. This is a theoretical model of the Family Systems Theory, which emphasizes on the differentiation of the context of the family emotional systems (Stanton, 253). Therefore, its therapeutic application requires that individuals must first differentiate/separate from their families of origin, before they embark on dealing with the present issues of their relationships or their nuclear families (Stanton, 258). Thus, the model theory is mostly applied to understand the family process, so the individual can be able to understand the present situation, based on their past roles, relationships and interactions with their families. The model was established in 1931 by Murray Bowen. The fundamental objective of the theory is to help reduce chronic anxiety within individuals, through accounting for every aspect of human behaviors (Stanton, 254). The major assumption of this theory is that; behavioral change cannot be effective, where the individual does not have adequate and deeper insight in relation to the causes of a behavior. Therefore, the model seeks to create insight into the family processes that

Can free trade withstand recession Dissertation

Can free trade withstand recession - Dissertation Example Demand for fair trade during recession 4.1 Consumer buying behaviour during difficult times†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦25 4.2 how will a prolonged recession effect the fair trade movement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦26 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27 Introduction: Fair trade is said to increase the level of economic activities within as well as across national boundaries. This provides greater levels of economic and financial advantage to national as well as international suppliers of goods and services and also increases the profit earning ability of these suppliers. This reduces costs of purchasing various goods and services both in national and international markets. Fair trade is expected to reduce the price elasticity of demand of variou s goods and services and also to affect the altruistic behaviour of consumers. During the period of recession or economic and financial crisis practices related to fair trade is expected to reduce the negative economic impacts by increasing the volume of demand and thus production and income. By controlling international prices for various goods and services fair trade practices are expected to make significant effects on economic policies used for preventing recession. But there are also some obstacles which are created by recession on fair trade practices. This paper is aimed at providing an answer to the question that whether fair trade can withstand with recession or not. 1. Fair Trade 1.1 What is fair trade? â€Å"Fair trade is a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect that seek greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing... This paper is aimed at providing an answer to the question that whether fair trade can withstand with recession or not. Fair trade is said to increase the level of economic activities within as well as across national boundaries. This provides greater levels of economic and financial advantage to national as well as international suppliers of goods and services and also increases the profit earning ability of these suppliers. This reduces costs of purchasing various goods and services both in national and international markets. Fair trade is expected to reduce the price elasticity of demand of various goods and services and also to affect the altruistic behaviour of consumers. During the period of recession or economic and financial crisis practices related to fair trade is expected to reduce the negative economic impacts by increasing the volume of demand and thus production and income. By controlling international prices for various goods and services fair trade practices are expe cted to make significant effects on economic policies used for preventing recession. But there are also some obstacles which are created by recession on fair trade practices. The dimension of free trade arose with the development perspective of the excluded and disadvantaged producers with a view to promote sustainability to them and achieving better trading conditions. Fair trade is a concept arising from the realms of free trade. Therefore before elucidating the concept of fair trade a short discussion about the notion of free trade entails some necessity.

Approaches To Training And Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Approaches To Training And Development - Essay Example Suraj Seth (Senior trainer of AFTH Training center) and Hr manager of Gold Star hotel Induction or orientation program for Purchase Manager Performance Improvement training program Details of the Induction Training program The Purchase manager need be offered with the performance improvement training program in order to enhance his inner skills and talents. Performance improvement training program might not only enhances the skills but also amplify the level of performance and productivity of the individual and the organization. It might also help in enhancing the level of dedication and commitment of the Purchase manager towards his or her assigned duties and responsibilities (Saks & et. al., 2010). ... This type of performance improvement and highly-interactive training program might help the accounts manager to develop a high-level of relationship with varied other members. Induction Program details For the Accounts Manager Full week (Saturday to Thursday) Starting time: 8:00 A.M Finishing time : 5:00 P.M Lunch break (12.00 P.M – 1:00 PM, every day) Both general and specialist training programs would be conducted by the experienced and specialised staffs of Accounts section Location: Accounts department Method of training- by electronic sources Training provider- Mr. Rao (Senior Accounts manager of AFTH Training centre) The Mandatory program details for all the above mentioned new staffs: Requisite time-frame Welcome presentation of the manager of Abu Dhabi on the Sunday Fire Drilling procedures on Sunday Visiting to UNB bank for opening of bank accounts on Tuesday Visit to Al Jimi Preventative Health Clinic to resolve any sort of health problems on Monday Visit to the hote l facilities of Gold Star  

Case Study: Boeing Corporation

Case Study: Boeing Corporation Boeing Corporation is one of the largest aircraft companies in the world that supplies its products to customers globally. It supplies top of the line commercial aircraft as well as high technology military aeroplanes to various organisations. The products are the passenger, cargo and military aircraft which have strict safety and performance regulations binding them. The operations of the company are complex and at a huge scale which make management planning an absolute necessity for the company to carry out business in an efficient manner. Management planning comes into play at every level in the companys hierarchy and has a pivotal role in the success that the company has attained. Management Planning is the procedure of earmarking goals and objectives for an organisation to accomplish over a specified period of time. All actions and tasks requiring completion in order to attain the final goal are encompassed in a plan. Plans must have enough flexibility to cater for account variables and unexpected events and avoid the confusion that may arise in a case of unforeseen challenges or troubles. The Boeing Corporation has a number of departments; mechanical department, engineering department, quality checking department and sales department being the major ones. The aspect of planning is of paramount importance in all these departments. In each of these departments, efficiency is achieved by setting goals and outlining the methods to be followed to achieve the set goal. This includes explaining the steps that need to be followed by addressing issues of resources, management etc., finally aimed at achieving the best levels of efficiency The process of management planning undergoes five basic steps. Initially, a situational analysis is carried out. This involves deciding on the various factors and the manner in which they are likely to affect goal attainment and the manner in which these factors will affect the attainment of the goal. This assists the management to understand which steps are vital for goal accomplishment. In the next step alternative goals and plans for it are thought of. Formulation of multiple plans and then comparing them against one another is extremely beneficial, giving the management an insight into the pros and cons of each plan. Subsequently, all alternative plans and goals will be amalgamated into a single plan. The third step involves evaluation of the goals and plans created, and arrive at the benefits and drawbacks of each goal in the overall plan. Simultaneously, the most important steps in the plan can be prioritised, and roles assigned to the staff who the manager thinks are best suited for the job. In the fourth step, on the basis of the input of the first three steps, the management is required to shortlist the final plan to be used. This calls for acute judgment and analysis on the part of the manager to finally decide which plan is to be implemented. The actual implementation of the final plan by the manager is the last step. The manager has an important role in explaining the salient aspects of the plan to all staff involved in its execution, to ensure that all members are aware of the overall plan, and success is assured. In Boeing Corporation, since a large number of departments are involved, the plan of each department needs to be coordinated and synchronised with other departments. In this manner, the entire company is able to function as a well coordinated and oiled machine. Legal issues assume great importance in Boeing Corporation as the products can get the company involved in legal tangles, as human lives and safety aspects are involved. The company, therefore, has to ensure that all legislations and regulations are adhered to in the process of aircraft manufacture. For example, for every aircraft manufactured, an operating manual has to be created for both mechanics and pilots, so that safety aspects are taken care of. The requirement of the manuals has to be kept in mind during planning so that plans are made for dealing with any malfunction or repair issues that may arise in the future (Pritchard MacPherson, 2004). The management planning is influenced by many ethical issues also. When the company is bidding products to the United States Army, the company has the largest ethical issue concern, because they follow the guidelines (Pritchard MacPherson, 2004). The laws have been formulated and followed rigorously to avert the company authorities from unlawfully beguiling the concerned armed forces personnel with pecuniary offerings. So the responsibility lies with the sales and accounts department to consider theses factors while making their bidding plans and sales plans for the company. An individual or an organisations actions that benefit the society more than oneself or the organisation is known as social responsibility. As a corporation, Boeing is also concerned about its corporate social responsibility. As an airlines company, one of the major social responsibility that the company carries out is Research and Development to increase costumers choices and to be able to provide safe and effective service for its costumers. This can be seen in the high safety standards that the company has been maintained by constant research and improvement. Another example of corporate social responsibility was shown by Boeing when a national effort was made to raise finances for funding medical research to find cures for leukaemia affecting children under the leadership of the CEO of Boeing (Besser, 2002). Though this was under the overall stewardship of the CEO, the initiative of a member of the organisation does reflect on the entire organisation itself. Boeing being a large corporation is more focused on its strategic planning, which results in establishing the objectives broad enough for the operation of the company. The strategic planning devised by the company is used while doing business with the Airlines Industry, Community and the Military. An airline manufacturer is always concerned about the reliability and performance of his products (Prichard 2004). So when a company formulates its strategic planning, it helps him to look at the wider range of objects resulting in his production of products which are high in reliability as well as give peak performance. In recent years even the customers have started to demand more environment-friendly products, which could be because of the environment changes, one of the reasons being Globalization. For a large corporation as the Boeing, the main broad objective set by the organisation is the strategic planning. This is the tactical move; the company makes use of while doing business with the Airline Industry, Community or the Military. According to Prichard 2004, for an airline manufacturer, two aspects are the most important; they are the Reliability and the Performance. So to create products of high reliability and to achieve peak performance from it, the most helpful device is the strategic planning. This helps the company to have a broader vision of the environment while helping to formulate strategies. Recently, the customers are more inclined towards the products which are environment-friendly, which may be due to the changes affecting them due to Globalization. So the company had to rework on its strategic plans to satisfy the growing needs of its customers (Gonzalez 2007). Not only this, the company uses tactical planning in each of its departments. Through tactical planning, the company is able to achieve the highest order of efficiency in all its departments. For example, the manufacturing department formulates tactical planning of producing assembly stations within the plant, which facilitates the workers to assemble the aircraft parts efficiently and swiftly. The tactical planning is similar to the operational planning but only differs in dealing with managers at the lowest end of the hierarchical chain. These managers ensure that the non-managerial staff is performing their duties properly. These managers are also concerned with the quality control of the physical operations being done by the company.

Does ‘The American Scholar’ Reflect the Values of the Declaration of In

Every country today differentiates each other through having a unique identity of which the elements are cultures, tradition and religion. Even a country like America was once under the rule of the British. However this did not last as long as it did in India as the people fought back and won what is today called â€Å"The War of Independence.† During the time the British ruled various countries they had taught the people under them their ways of conducting every activity in life. In America even after the British were gone the way people lived their lives were still the way they had learned from the British. One such ways of conduct was vividly observable in written literature. Then began the argument that the literature in America should be written differently from how the British would. In 1837 Ralph Waldo Emerson delivered a speech called The American Scholar at Cambridge, Massachusetts to criticize how the Americans still kept alive what they had learned from the British and to remind people the real American culture in every aspect of their lives. Emerson stated that every citizen in America has the right to freedom and to display their own culture. In literature he suggested that scholars can form a new way of writing through nature than memorizing the writings of other authors. The writings of the other authors were present before young scholars in books that limited new ideas. Such history had occurred because of the actions gone wrong by the people in accepting the influences of the Europeans. Emerson was therefore a transcendentalist. The speech delivered by Emerson indicates the reason why it is important for a man to be free. According to the constitution of U.S (n.d) in the bill of rights every citizen has the right to ... ... just the scholars but every citizen in America the importance of preserving their own culture with originality in everyone’s ideologies. He has attempted to provide elements through which the new form of literature can grow and it has evidently helped literature in America be more research based and not scholars memorizing from previous texts written by other authors. The American scholar was thus a historic speech that encouraged scholars since to write with freedom encouraging arguments to discover truth for any matter to be discussed. Works Cited http://www.history.com/topics/constitution http://www.cliffsnotes.com/more-subjects/american-government/the-constitution/summary-of-the-constitution http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111emerson-2.html http://www.shareyouressays.com/99753/short-summary-of-the-american-scholar-by-ralph-waldo-emerson

History Marking Scheme

Junior Certificate History Exam 2012 (Higher Level) 180 marks 150 minutes   S. 1 Pictures (15 marks) (8 ? %) 3 Pictures with 3 questions each S. 2 Documents (15 marks) (8 ? %) 2 Documents with 4/5 questions each S. 3 Short Questions (20 marks) (11 %) 20 Short Questions – Do TEN at least S. 4 People in History (40 marks – 2 x 20) (22%) N. B. DO ONE option from A & ONE option from B Section A – Ancient Civilisations/ Rome/ Early Christian Ireland/ Middle Ages/ RenaissanceSection B – Age of Revolutions/ Industrial Revolution/ Political Change in 20th Century Ireland/ S. 5 Long Document (30 marks) (16 ? %) ONLY ONE of the following sections will come up. Reformation Age of Revolutions (America, France, Ireland) Age of Exploration Industrial Revolution & 19th Century Ireland (Famine) Plantations S. 6 (60 marks) (33 1/3%) N. B. International Relations in the 20th Century (30) Political Change in 20th Century Ireland (30) (+ Two other sections from Junior Cert Course e. g. The Middle Ages/ Prehistoric Ireland) SECTION 4: PEOPLE IN HISTORY (2 x 20 marks)Do ONE OPTION from Part A & ONE OPTION from Part B Marking Scheme: SRS = Significant Relevant Statement (Each SRS = 2 marks) CM = 16 (8 x 2M) OM = Overall Mark OM = 4 VERY GOOD = 4M; GOOD = 3M; FAIR = 2M; POOR = 1M Guidelines: 1) ENSURE that you are writing from the correct perspective e. g. a supporter of a named revolutionary 2) Always include an introductory paragraph on the birth and early life of a named explorer/ reformer/ revolutionary leader etc. 3) Ensure that you STATE & EXPLAIN key concepts e. g. ‘Justification by Faith Alone’/ Republicanism/ Sailing West to reach the East Indies ) ALWAYS name & describe the widely-held beliefs of the time of the named person e. g. Church control over peoples’ religious beliefs/ Flat-Earth/ Ireland as part of the UK/ USA as a colony of England/ 5) NAME the group(s)/ organisation(s) who were founded by or supported the beliefs of the named person 6) ALWAYS NAME & DESCRIBE the impact of inventions/ innovations that aided the stated person & their beliefs/ revolution e. g. Printing Press/ Astrolabe/ Magnetic Compass/ Seed Drill/ Selective Breeding/ Factory System/ Steam Locomotive/ Home Rule/ IRB Fenianism/ Fascism/ Communism/ ) DESCRIBE & EXPLAIN how people and institutions reacted to the named person’s beliefs/ discoveries e. g. the Counter-Reformation/ superstitions of sailors during the Age of Discovery/ British refusal to accept Irish Independence/ 8) DESCRIBE the impact of the named person on later history itself: Spread of Protestantism throughout Europe/ Counter-Reformation/ Spanish Inquisition/ Discovery of American Continents/ New Colonies/ New ways of travelling/ Spread of Irish Republicanism/ Spread of Communism/ Spread of Fascism in Europe PART A OPTIONS (PEOPLE IN HISTORY) EARLY MODERN EUROPE & IRELAND A monk in an early Christian monastery in Ireland (2011/ 07/ 05) N. B. – A per son living in a named ancient civilisation OUTSIDE of Ireland. (11/ 09/ 06/ 04) N. B. – A farmer living in ancient (pre-Christian) Ireland. (08/ 05) – A named religious reformer at the time of the Reformation (2011/ 08) N. B. – An archaeologist working on a dig. (2010/ 07/ 04) – The lord or lady of a medieval castle. (2010/ 08) – A knight living in a medieval castle. (05) N. B. A named Renaissance artist from OUTSIDE of Italy. (2009) N. B. – A named Renaissance artist or sculptor (07 (PART B)/ 04) N. B. PART B OPTIONS (PEOPLE IN HISTORY) Later Modern Europe & Ireland – A named leader on a voyage during the Age of Exploration (2011/ 09/ 06 (PART A) N. B. – A native Irish landowner who lost land in a named plantation during the 16th or 17th centuries. (2011) – A settler who received land during a named plantation in Ireland during the 16th or 17th N. B. entury. (08/ 06 (PART A)/ 04) – A mine or factory worker during the Industrial Revolution. (07) N. B. – A factory or mine owner during the Industrial Revolution (05) N. B. – A named leader in the struggle for Irish independence, 1900-1921. (2011/ 07/ 05) N. B. – A named leader involved in a revolution (America, France or Ireland) during the period, 1770-1815. (2010/ 05) N. B. – A supporter of a named revolutionary leader during the period, 1770-1803. 06) N. B. – A named leader involved in one of the crises during the rise of the superpowers (Berlin Blockade; Korean War; Cuban Missile Crisis). (2010/ 06) N. B. – A named political leader in the Republic of Ireland during the period, 1960-1985. (08 ) – An old person describing changes that have occurred in communications in Ireland since 1945. (04) A – A named religious reformer at the time of the Reformation. (20 marks) A specific reformer (eg: Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII) must be named or implied, but no marks are awarded for the reformerâ⠂¬â„¢s name.If the name of the reformer is not mentioned, or is incorrect, but the material relates to a specific reformer, max. OM = 3. In the case of Luther, treat all material up to and including his ordination as ‘background’, i. e. 1 SRS max. In the case of Calvin, treat all material up to and including his conversion to Luther’s teaching as ‘background’, i. e. 1 SRS max. List of ‘abuses’, stated or explained, = 1 SRS. A belief/teaching explained = 1 SRS. A belief coupled with the relevant Catholic teaching = 1 SRS. 2 merely stated beliefs/teachings = 1 SRS. Teachings/beliefs = 3 SRSs max. ESSAY PLAN: NAME the reformer/ year of birth/ background & education – NAME & EXPLAIN the list of abuses within the Roman Church: – STATE the reformer’s beliefs and opinion of abuses in detail – NAME the steps he took to address these abuses – STATE & DESCRIBE the Church’s reaction to the reformer’s actions/ beliefs – NAME the reformer’s beliefs and EXPLAIN N. B. ***** – NAME any associates who aided the reformer – NAME any invention/ innovation that helped to spread the reformer’s beliefs – DESCRIBE the impact of the reformer’s teachings/ beliefs – DESCRIBE how the Church reacted to the reformerA – A knight living in a medieval castle. – Castle or Knight only dealt with – 1 OM. – Name of a castle feature + description / function = 1 SRS. – Mere list of castle features without description/function – 2 features = 1 SRS. ESSAY PLAN: – NAME yourself (you are the knight) – STATE who your LORD is and your allegiance to him – DESCRIBE WHAT YOUR ROLE is in the CASTLE & HOW you defend it – NAME & DESCRIBE WHERE the LORD & HIS FAMILY LIVES (KEEP) – DESCRIBE 3 DEFENSIVE FEATURES OF the castle – DESCRIBE the 3 STAGES of becoming a medieval knight â⠂¬â€œ DESCRIBE the tournaments & jousts that you regularly participate in DESCRIBE your belief in the ‘Code of CHIVALRY’ N. B. *** B – A supporter of a named revolutionary leader (USA, France, Ireland), 1770-1803. Do not award marks for naming the revolutionary leader. In the case of George Washington, treat all material prior to the First Continental Congress as ‘background’, i. e. 1 SRS max. In the case of Robespierre, treat all material prior to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 as ‘background’, i. e. 1 SRS max. In the case of Wolfe Tone, treat all material prior to the founding of the United Irishmen as ‘background, i. e. 1 SRS max.In the case of Robert Emmet, treat all material prior to his involvement with the United Irishmen as ‘background’, i. e. 1 SRS max. ESSAY PLAN: – NAME the leader who you are supporting – NAME the country & time period (1765 – 1783) – STATE YOUR REA SONS for supporting the revolutionary leader i. e. taxes/ interference from colonial power etc. – NAME the reasons why a revolution is taking place – NAME & DESCRIBE AT LEAST TWO incidents where conflict has occurred between the revolutionaries & the colonial power – DESCRIBE how the RULING POWER is reacting to THIS REVOLUTIONARY & Revolution NAME & DESCRIBE any documents or beliefs expressed by this revolutionary leader or revolutionary group – STATE what the revolutionary leader is aiming for i. e. a coming decisive battle B – A named revolutionary leader (USA, France or Ireland) No marks for the revolutionary leader’s name. – If the material clearly relates to a particular revolutionary leader without the person being named, mark on its merits. – In the case of George Washington, treat all material prior to the First Continental Congress as background, i. e. 1 SRS. In the case of Robespierre, treat all material prior to the outbreak of Revolution in1789 as background. – In the case of Wolfe Tone, treat all material prior to the founding of the United Irishmen in 1791 as background. – In the case of Robert Emmet, treat all material prior to his involvement with the United Irishmen as background. ESAY PLAN: SAME AS ABOVE EXCEPT FROM the REVOLUTIONARY LEADER’S POINT OF VIEW B – A factory/mine owner during the Industrial Revolution in Britain, c. 1850. – If the answer is exclusively from the perspective of the factory worker, Max CM = 8 Max OM =0.ESSAY PLAN: (*** YOU are the factory owner) – NAME the factory/ mine owner – STATE what type of factory/ mine you own – NAME the part of England your factory is in – DESCRIBE what your factory produces and where you sell/ exports your goods – NAME & DESCRIBE how and where you get your raw materials i. e. coal, water-power etc. – NAME the inventions that you use in your factory – DE SCRIBE how you transport your raw materials INTO your factory and how you transport your goods OUT of your factory – DESCRIBE the workers who work in your factory, what hours they work, their working conditions and pay. DESCRIBE the living conditions of your workers and HOW you have attempted to make their lives better – STATE what hobbies or leisure activities you like i. e. gambling, betting on bare-knuckle fights etc. A factory/ mine worker during the Industrial Revolution (As above EXCEPT from the WORKER’S PERSPECTIVE) B – A named leader in Irish independence struggle, 1916-1923. – No marks for the leader’s name. – Background material i. e. pre-1916 = 1 SRS; Post-1923 material = 1 SRS. ESSAY PLAN: – STATE where and when the leader was born – STATE the background of the leader i. e. education/ work etc. NAME the organisation that the leader joined and WHEN – NAME other people who the leader was associated with – STATE the political beliefs of this leader – STATE & DESCRIBE what role the leader played in the Irish Independence struggle e. g. Minister for Finance in the 1st Dail N. B. ** – STATE whether or not this leader was part of the Sinn Fein delegation to London for the Anglo-Irish Treaty Negotiations of 1921 – STATE whether this leader was PRO-TREATY or ANTI-TREATY in 1922/ 1923 – GIVE THEIR REASONS for being PRO-TREATY or ANTI-TREATY – DESCRIBE the rest of the leader’s careerSection 5 Long Document Question (30 marks) – Famine, Emigration & De-population in 19th Century Ireland (2004) – Exploration, Vespucci & Impacts on Indigenous Populations (2005) – Famine, Emigration & De-Population in 19th Century Ireland (2006) – Reformation, Papal Bull & Counter-Reformation (2007) – French & Irish Revolutions in 18th Century (2008) – Plantations in 17th Century Ireland (2009) – Exploration, Spani sh & Portuguese (2010) – Rural Ireland & Industrial England in the 19th Century (2011) Structure of Question: Part A – Answers derived from 1st Source. USE QUOTATIONS & EVIDENCE from Source (8-10 marks)Part B – Answers derived from 2nd/ 3rd Sources USE QUOTATIONS & EVIDENCE from Source or Contextual/ Background Information require on topic (8 – 10 marks) Part C – Answer ONE from 3 Options Contextual/ Background Information required on topic (10 – 12 marks) Part C: Usually requires a short paragraph answer worth 10 or 12 marks. It is important that you write at length on whatever topic you are asked e. g. ‘Problems faced by Irish Immigrants abroad’ or the ‘Counter-Reformation in Europe’.Ensure that you have at least 5 – 6 clear points of information on each of the following topics: (next page) (Check the relevant webpages on the History site under Junior Certificate History for examples of these) Part C Exampl es: †¢ Counter-Reformation †¢ Consequences of the Reformation for Ireland †¢ Urbanisation, Health, Lifestyle & Pastimes of Industrial England †¢ Impact of Famine & Problems faced by Immigrants abroad †¢ Conflict between European Powers as a consequence of Exploration †¢ Impacts on indigenous Populations by Explorations †¢ Religious, Political & Cultural Impacts of Plantations in Ireland Brehon Law, Language & Customs †¢ Causes & Impacts of French, American & Irish Rebellions/ Revolutions †¢ Reign of Terror Section 6 (60 marks) Do two options from (A), (B), (C) and (D). (2 x 30 marks) Political Developments in 20th Century Ireland Question divided into 2 or 3 parts: short questions followed by 10 or 12 mark questions. The ten mark questions to be prepared are as follows: – 1) Home Rule Crisis 1912 – 1914 2) 1916 Rising 3) 1918 General Election 4) War of Independence 1919 – 1921 5) Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921 (& split in Si nn Fein) 6) Irish Civil War 1922 – 1923 7) Cumann na Gaedheal Government 1923 – 1932 ) DeValera & ‘Dismantling the Treaty’ 1932 – 1938 9) The ‘Emergency (neutrality) 1939 – 1945 10) The 1st Inter-Party Government 1948 – 1951 11) 1950’s Ireland 12) Sean Lemass & 1960’s Ireland (1st Programme for Economic Expansion) – Also Northern Ireland 1) N. Ireland during WWII 2) Civil Right Movement in late 1960’s 3) The ‘Troubles’ For key terms and short questions, check the webpage ‘Political Developments in 20th Century Ireland’ on the History website under Junior Cert. History International Relations in the 20th Century Question divided into 2 or 3 parts: short questions followed by 10 or 12 mark questions.Ten mark questions to be prepared are as follows: 1) Lenin & Russian Revolution 1917 2) Treaty of Versailles 1919 3) Mussolini’s Italy 4) Nazi Rise to Power 1927 – 1933 5) Nazi Germany 1933 – 1939 (Totalitarianism & Propaganda) 6) Hitler’s Foreign Policy 1933 – 1939 7) World War II 8) The Cold War: a) Berlin Blockade b) Korean War c) Cuban Missile Crisis For key terms and short questions, check the webpage ‘International Relations in the 20th Century’ on the website under Junior Cert. History ———————– Reformation Rural Ireland, Famine & Industrial England in 19th Century Age of Exploration Plantations Age of Revolutions

Seven Missteps to Avoid in Your Business Blog

Seven Missteps to Avoid in Your Business Blog According to data analysis by HubSpot, small businesses that blog get 55% more website visitors and 126% more lead growth than small businesses that do not blog. If you own a small business and dont blog, you are missing out on a valuable opportunity to generate traffic to your website and position yourself as an expert in your field.However, as with any endeavor, the process of blogging for your business often comes with a few missteps, especially for businesses that are new to the concept of blogging to increase their potential customer base. Whether you have blogged for your business for years or are just now starting to take advantage of this wonderful marketing opportunity, learning to avoid these common errors will help ensure your blog is a success.Misstep 1 - It isnt your personal blog - dont write it like oneWhile personal anecdotes and observations can help your clients get to know you as a business owner, focusing too much on yourself and not enough on your business will drive customers away. Your companys blog should be a space for discourse and education on topics related to the companys focus. Specific things to avoid are politics (unless you run a political organization); religion (unless you run a religious organization); or controversial topics that have nothing to do with your business, your product, or the services you offer.Misstep 2 - Avoid discussing insider informationRemember- anything you put in print (whether online or otherwise) could have potential for litigation. Discussing insider information, particularly if you are a franchise of a larger company, could have legal consequences and might end up being more trouble that you anticipated. Beyond this, it is unprofessional to go public with information that should be kept private, or among your employees.Misstep 3 - Dont discuss company dramaEvery workplace has its share of drama- some more than others. However, airing that dirty laundry through the company blog is unprofessional. Keep workplace conflict out of the publics eye in order to maintain your companys reputation, and never use a blog for a personal vendetta against a co-worker, co-owner, or the competition.Misstep 4 - Dont relate news, statistics, or published information without citing the sourceBeyond the fact that its plagiarism, including information on your blog that is not properly cited looks sloppy and untrustworthy. With so much information available on the web, and so much misinformation published daily, you dont want your business blog to run the risk of being seen as misleading. You will lose readers quickly by doing this.Citing sources can be as simple as including where you found it within your text, creating a hyperlink to the original source, or including a citation at the bottom of the blog- just as you would do if you were writing an academic paper. Particularly if your blog is written to show your expertise to potential clients, youll want to make sure your writing is seen as a l egitimate and valid source of trustworthy information.Misstep 5 - Dont limit your blog to written contentInternet users are accustomed to a wide variety of content online, including videos, photos, graphs, music, and written words. Limiting your blog to the written word not only makes it boring to read (regardless of how great your content is)- it also limits your audience. Ask any marketing professional and theyll tell you that using a variety of tactics and media is the best way to attract potential customers. For this reason, you can immediately make your blog more interesting and more likely to have a larger audience if you include photos, videos, graphs, or other types of media. These media also work well as posts on social media to attract readers to your blog.Misstep 6 - Dont allow your blog to become outdatedYouve seen it before- a business has a great website with a blog, but when you start reading the content, you find that most of the information was written years ago. This is bad for two reasons. First, outdated content makes your business appear outdated. If the last blog entry you posted was in 2010 and it is now 2014, anyone reading that content or visiting your website will wonder if you are still in business. Second, if the purpose of your blog is to draw more traffic to your website, the only way this will happen is if you continue to add fresh content on a regular basis. Constant activity on a website not only helps search engines like Google find your pages, it also makes your page rank higher when those search engine results are returned to an internet user. Higher page rankings mean more traffic.Misstep 7 - Dont neglect your audienceMost blogging platforms allow for comments from readers. This is a great asset to your blog because it shows that people are reading and that your content is generating interest. Responding to these comments allows your readers the opportunity to interact with you and benefit from your expertise, which ulti mately draws customers to your door. Responding to criticism is equally as important, since criticism will help you improve your business and will show that you care about your customers or clients.Blogs are also easy targets for spammers, so not paying attention to the comments could make your blog appear unprofessional. One way to avoid the spamming is to set your blog to post only comments that you approve. If you do this, be sure to also approve the comments that question the content youve written. Replying to that questioning not only shows your expertise- it shows that you are confident enough in your content to defend it. Just keep the replies professional.

buy custom Mini Car Case Study essay

buy custom Mini Car Case Study essay Global Control is a strategy whereby a firm controls all the processes of production, sales, advertisement and promotion in the international market. Local autonomy, on the other hand, is a strategy whereby the producer company controls all the processes of production, sale, promotion and advertisement of a product. A Mini is a small car. It is a product of the British Motor Corporation. This company has used a promotion strategy that comprises of a mixture of global control and local autonomy. This mixture of strategies has its advantages and its disadvantages. Advantages of adopting a mixture of global control and local autonomy strategies It enables the manufacturer to edge money market fluctuations. Here, the company avoids countries that have high foreign currency exchange rates. It does business with countries that have low exchange rates to ensure it does not lose profits. This strategy also promotes revenue stability. Different countries are experiencing different economic challenges. When there is a recession in one market, the other one could be experiencing a boom. Therefore, the company in question has a choice to trade in the performing countries, thus promoting sales. It enables producers to satisfy a wide variety of customers. This is because the firm reaches out to both the local and the international markets. Thus, it can tell the countries and, or areas where they make most sales. The producer is also able to satisfy the consumer niche. This refers to tastes and preferences of consumers. The producer gets a chance to interact with various consumers both locally and internationally. The mixture of policy promotes international integration. This is extremely crucial to a company like this one that manufactures vehicles, as it does not target local markets alone. This is because they are unusually small and easily get saturated. International integration prevents the possibility of rivalry among countries in question. It also promotes the stability of the balance of payment. The Mini car manufacturing company benefits from the ability to practice transfer pricing. It also gains from the benefits that come with large-scale production and promotion. These are the economies of scale. This is the case, since a unit cost o promoting their commodity translates in to a large geographical coverage of the market, there by resulting in too much sales. The manufacturing company is prone to effects of differences in tax regimes. Different countries have different tax rates that they levy on imports and exports. When undertaking the Global control strategy, this company will have to encounter these different tax regimes. There is also the disadvantage of fluctuating exchange rates. These exchange rates change because different countries enact different policies to control their imports and exports. (Claire, 2002) The Mini manufacturing company will also encounter challenges caused by social-economic factors such as per capita income. This differs from country to country. It also differs with time in I given country. It refers to the total income that every citizen earns in that country. It dictates the ability of people in a given country, to buy the commodity. In this case, it is a car. One may find out that,in some countries, people earn too little and that only few people can manage to buy luxurious commodities such as cars. This would mean that no matter the degree of product promotion, remarkably few sales could be made. (Cappellin Giuliani, 2004) The company might also be faced with the enemy character situation. If the destination country is at war with the exporting country, then, the importing country could chose not to import from them again. The final consumers may also decline to buy those products. In such a case, the Mini car manufacturing company would be on the losing end. When we consider the merits and demerits of using a mixture of the two strategies, I would recommend that the Mini manufacturing company continue using that mixture. The company must exploit the local market to the fullest. This is because it does not have many legal formalities, as is the case with international market. However, the firm must target international markets too. The local market is likely to be too small for it to consume all their cars. It is also likely to be easily saturated. These two reasons, therefore, would limit the company to manufacture lower than the capacity it has. (Fisher, 1991) Methods of guerilla marketing This refers to inconsiistent advertisement marketing. The company should use product re-launch strategy. Here, a company conducts innovative car improvement, and then it launches the improved car. The company could also use product re-branding strategy. In this case, the car brand name may be changed, and then the same car gets back to the market. The Mini car manufacturing company could also employ group-marketing strategy. For example, it may offer after sale services such as free car repair for may be one year. (Claire, 2002) Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability These are the strategies that the company can put in place in order to give back to the society. The company may achieve this by manufacturing an environmental friendly car that emits less carbon. The ANSOFF model is a strategic marketing plan, where a company decides on whether to launch a product in a new market or to re-launch it in a pre-existing market. The BMW Company should adopt the existing market to existing market strategy as it always has the highest pay off. Brand extension and franchising of the brand to other companies In order for BMW Company to extend the brand name of the E-model, it may re-launch the Mini as a personalized car. It may also re-launch it as a luxury vehicle. The other option is to re-launch the Mini car as a rally car. Franchising is the act of allowing a company to produce a product and then it uses the brand name of another prominent company. The BMW Company cannot franchise the brand to other companies, as the brand is not yet popular in the market. Therefore, an attempt to franchise the brand name may cause the dependent company to make poor sales. After the launching of the E-car model, the BMW Company can extend the brand away from cars. This could be quite wise since an advertisement of one of the products bearing the brand could end up promoting every other commodity that has that brand. Rallies are quite popular in the field of sports. Therefore, rallying the new brand would act as an advertisement for the brand. The rallying car should be customized to be exceptionally fast, so that it can be outstanding in the rally. This could create a positive impression of the brand. 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Quality Function Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Quality Function Development - Essay Example two factors would lead to confusion and misinterpretation of data when a product moves from the market research stage to design stage and then to engineering stage and at last to manufacturing stage. One can quite often find that once the customer expectations are passing from the market research stage to manufacturing stage (Bunch, 2003, pp.31-36) a lot of their expectations would be lost in each stages and the voice of the organization enters into the product design stage. As a result the company goes in for incorporating in the product what the customers had not asked in for rather than incorporating in the product what the customers had asked in for (Cochran, 2003, pp.43-47). But if the company goes in for incorporating QFD system then the companies can always go in for incorporating the customer's expectations in the product. QFD helps in removing the design error so that company need not spend money and time in redesigning the product. QFD is a set of graphically oriented planning matrices that helps in identifying factors based on which decisions can be made during any phase of the product development cycle (Gordon, 2003, pp.37-40). QFD is nothing but a perfect blue print for quality by design. The results of incorporating QFD in an organization can be measured by looking into the number of designs and engineering changes brought in during the product development and manufacturing stage. It can also be evaluated based on the cost incurred quality of product and time taken to market the product after incorporating QFD (Franco, 2001, pp.28-32) and what had been the value of these factors before QFD was implemented. Once QFD is implemented then the amount of time and money spent by an organization on redesigning and modifications drastically comes down. Once... From this paper it is clear that  an organization that properly implements Quality Function Development can improve their engineering knowledge in producing a particular product; this can in turn improve productivity and quality of the product and can also cut down the production time and cost.As the report highlights  QFD is a set of graphically oriented planning matrices that helps in identifying factors based on which decisions can be made during any phase of the product development cycle. QFD is nothing but a perfect blue print for quality by design. The results of incorporating QFD in an organization can be measured by looking into the number of designs and engineering changes brought in during the product development and manufacturing stage. It can also be evaluated based on the cost incurred quality of product and time taken to market the product after incorporating QFD and what had been the value of these factors before QFD was implemented. Once QFD is implemented then th e amount of time and money spent by an organization on redesigning and modifications drastically comes down. Once this is achieved it means that the company can launch their product in the market much earlier than they could by following the traditional method.  QFD process starts with listing down the goals or objectives that the company has to achieve. This list is prepared by finding out what the customers expect from a product.

The Employment Relationships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Employment Relationships - Essay Example Employee relations ensure that a certain professional relationship is maintained between the employers and the employees and this helps to achieve adequate productivity and creation of morale and motivation among workers. Gennard and judge (2005) say that employee relations involve collective bargaining by both parties about grievances and appeals that arise in the course of employment. This paper will address the factors influencing the change in employee’s relations and give recommendations. Since employees relations is an ongoing process, changes are bound to occur. Such changes include: change in the choice of communication method that the management chooses to use e.g. use of memos, briefing and so on. Change may also occur in the choice of payment method. It could be done in a performance-oriented way. Training and development employees could also change. Those are just some of the few changes that may occur. A change in the schedule of working hours is among the major factors that influence working relations. Employees agree to work for several hours that are spread over a given period of time. This allows workers to perform their duties as expected and also have time to do their own personal things like care for their families, take holidays and so on. An organization that has a favorable working schedule for its employees has increased staff retention, absenteeism is reduced and there is also increased productivity. On the other hand, if an organization has a too tight working schedule it will be strenuous to the employees and this will lead to a conflict between them and the employer because they will not perform their duties as expected due to fatigue leading to a decrease in productivity.